Controuver is a french first group verb. So it follow the regular conjugation pattern of the first group like:
aimer.
Follow this link to see all the endings of the conjugation of the first group verbs :
conjugation rules and endings for the first group verbs.
Controuver is conjugated the same way that verbs that end in :
-er.
First group verbs always end with
-er as their infinitive. Endings of first group verbs are regular.
Note : Although endings are perfectly regular, spelling changes occur in the stems of verbs in
-cer,
-ger,
-yer,
-eter,
-eler,
-é-consonne(s)-er,
-e-consonne-er, verb
envoyer and similar verbs.
Controuver is conjugated in interro-negative form. The interro-negative form being obtained by inversion of the subject, the placement of the negative adverb follow the same rules as in negative form, giving the following rules:
- in interro-negative form, the adverb
« ne » is always placed first if the subject is a pronoun.
- in simple tenses, the adverbs (
« ne ...pas »,
« ne...plus »,
« ne...jamais », etc...) surround the verb
controuver and the inverted subject pronoun.
- in compound tenses or in passive voice, the negative adverbs surround the auxiliary and the inverted subject pronoun.
For sound reasons, like in interrogative form, an euphonious
« t » is added to the pronoun of the third person:
« il »,
« elle »,
« on »,
« ils »,
« elles » except when the verb ends with
« t » or
« d »:
« ne controuve-t-elle pas ? »,
« ne controuva-t-elle pas ? »,
« ne controuvera-t-elle pas ? »,
« n'a-t-elle pas controuvé ? »,
« n'aura-t-elle pas controuvé ? ».
Always in interro-negative form, and always for sound reasons, an accent appears in first person present indicative tense when the verb ends with
« e ». An euphonious
« e » is replaced by
« é »:
« ne controuvé-je pas ? ».
Finally, the interrogative form does not exist in subjunctive and imperative.
